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- INTERVIEW, Page 62A Man Who Hates Rambo
-
-
- Producer DAVID PUTTNAM says the movie industry's obsession with
- blockbuster films produces trash and has lowered audience
- expectations
-
- By Eugene Linden
-
-
- He has made 29 films, including Oscar winners Midnight
- Express, Chariots of Fire and The Killing Fields. In 1986
- English producer David Puttnam took over Columbia Pictures,
- vowing to make better films more cheaply and with less reliance
- on big-name stars. Following that formula, Puttnam put the
- Columbia name on such films as The Last Emperor, which won the
- Academy Award for Best Picture of 1987. But in his pursuit of
- reform, Puttnam alienated much of the Hollywood establishment.
- A year after he was hired, Puttnam left Columbia. Now home in
- Wiltshire, he is independently producing a series of movies.
- Bruised but unrepentant, Puttnam still wants to prove that
- filmmakers needn't choose between profits and quality.
-
- Q. You went to Columbia Pictures to improve the quality and
- reduce costs. Today you are gone, and the Hollywood system is
- still in place. If it is so inefficient, why hasn't it
- collapsed?
-
- A. The film industry is like a cat with nine lives. It
- constantly seems to be able to come up with a new salvation.
- First there was the VCR, which has saved films that were
- theatrical failures, and now the opening up of European
- television puts a new value on second- and third-run new films.
- The film industry is probably on life six or seven.
-
- Q. Are movies really not as good as they were in the past?
-
- A. In the '50s there were quite a few remarkable films that
- didn't get nominated for an Academy Award, quite apart from the
- films that were nominated but didn't win. Today there are just
- not that many good films.
-
- Q. Have the standards of the American film audience
- declined?
-
- A. Not the standards, the expectations. The audience lives
- on a diet of television that is something like McDonald's
- hamburgers -- nobody asks how nutritious they are; they taste
- good. Without any lack of gratitude, I remember thinking after
- Chariots of Fire won the Academy Award that it was the kind of
- film audiences should expect every single week and shouldn't be
- accounted the best film of the year. I only became comfortable
- when Killing Fields won. Somewhere in the recesses of my mind,
- I believed that taken together the two films deserved an Oscar.
-
- Q. Are you saying the crass, materialistic Hollywood moguls
- were more enlightened than today's execs?
-
- A. Today there is the whole notion of the home-run movie --
- the one movie whereby you never have to work again. The home-run
- movie completely alters the nature of risk. The old moguls could
- take a roll on a picture and know that if it didn't work, it
- wasn't going to bring the studio down. There was a regular
- cinema audience. Today, as I learned to my cost at Columbia,
- almost every time you come up to bat, you're making a $20
- million, $30 million or $50 million bet. That's not an
- environment that encourages risk or adventurous, creative
- decisions.
-
- Q. Is the very cost of making movies having an adverse
- effect on the quality?
-
- A. When budgets pass about $25 million, the studio, quite
- legitimately, wants to have a big say in the making of the
- movie. At that budget, you have the obligation to temper -- a
- very important word -- your vision of the movie with what is
- commercially viable. So what goes out the window is individual
- vision. This could mean changing the ending of a film -- don't
- upset the audience; don't disappoint them.
-
- Q. You've also singled out stars and agents as threats to
- the notion of a movie as an individual vision.
-
- A. The instant a director wants to have his own Winnebago,
- I worry a bit, and when that same man is calling his agent at
- lunchtime about a script he wants sent for his next movie, I
- worry a lot. Likewise the agent who tells the star, "I couldn't
- get you more money, but I got you your own car, or top billing
- in the movie." The question is, "What movie?"
-
- In getting top billing, have I created an advertisement
- which is not the best for the movie though it might be for the
- star? We don't remember Wuthering Heights as a Laurence Olivier
- vehicle, we remember it as a great movie.Q. Among the various
- media, where do you place cinema as an influence on people and
- society?
-
- A. I think television has far more impact on society at
- large. I think a movie can have the most impact on the
- individual. Cinema is insidious in a way. You're on your own in
- the theater, seeing images that are bigger than life. It almost
- steals into your subconscious. Like a great teacher, cinema can
- provide something you refer back to year after year.
-
- Q. Aren't films merely entertainment?
-
- A. Film is also an entertainment medium, but filmmaking is
- afflicted with a poverty of ambition that makes it impossible
- to throw in other values. Making films solely for entertainment
- is like making a soup with only one ingredient.
-
- Q. Is this why you gravitate toward films based on moral
- conflict?
-
- A. Absolutely. At the end of the day, the media have the
- effect of leveling society up or leveling society down. If I
- make a film the net effect of which is to make people within my
- society less likely to be the kind of people I want to live hand
- in glove with, I've unleashed forces within my own society that
- I don't want to contend with.
-
- Q. Where do you cross that line in filmmaking? Isn't the
- universal appeal of Rambo that it offers release to people who
- feel frustrated at their inability to control their lives?
-
- A. That's why Rambo gets its response. Rambo suggests that
- major and complex problems can be sorted out by simple violent
- opposition. Cinema has tended to dwell on the act of violence.
- The real effect of violence is not the man blown through the
- plate-glass window but what the man leaves behind: a widow, a
- mother . . . children.
-
- Q. You have said in the past that you were shocked by the
- audience reaction to Midnight Express. Did this change your
- attitude toward violence?
-
- A. I thought people would dive under their chairs when
- Billy bit the tongue off Rifki. Instead they cheered. Midnight
- Express posed a question to me about what kind of filmmaker I
- wanted to be. Chariots of Fire answered the question. I remember
- saying then, "If the audience doesn't want this, I'm in the
- wrong business." The audience didn't let me down.
-
- Q. What other films successfully integrate commercial and
- social issues?
-
- A. Star Wars, E.T. I'm sure my fundamental world view is
- identical to that of George Lucas, and very, very similar to
- Steven Spielberg's. Steven is a nice man, and he just wants the
- world to be a better place.
-
- Q. Why have you never used a woman as a central character?
-
- A. Maybe I should worry about this, but I don't understand
- women's motivations, which means that I don't know how to
- address the script, the castings, etc. Women's reactions are
- extremely arbitrary to me.
-
- Q. In retrospect, were your battles with the Hollywood
- establishment inevitable? Might things have been different had
- you played your cards differently?
-
- A. Most of the fights I had were waiting to be had. Had I
- rolled with the punches for a year, I would have been stuck
- with production deals that didn't make any economic sense for
- another three years.
-
- Hollywood needs a regeneration, and the role of spokesman
- that I singularly failed at is still available to someone --
- someone smarter than me, someone American, a person who can
- articulate on behalf of the greater film community the
- frustration and the need for change.
-
-